Champagne is absolutely unique, in a class of its own. The main reason for this is how it is made, otherwise called assemblage. This is the blending process by which the Champagne House creates a particular Champagne. In addition, modern French Champagne goes through a second fermentation process, known as dosage, where extra sugar and wine are added in this phase to perfect the Champagne.
The final sugar content of the wine is indicated on the label of French Champagne with the following description of style:
• Extra Brut: Is extremely dry and is not one of the more common varieties.
• Brut: This is one of the most popular types of Champagne in the world and is quite dry. The best grapes are generally reserved for the Brut Champagnes.
• Extra Sec : While still fairly dry, Extra Dry is sweeter than Brut. It is a good selection for Champagne that you would enjoy with a dessert.
• Sec : Sec is again a slightly sweet Champagne and is best suited for dessert.
• Demi Sec : Is a very sweet French Champagnes and is not one of the more common varieties.
So What Are The Champagne Types ?
Non Vintage (N.V.)
Blended from wines of several years to achieve a constant “style de maison” House style. Many non vintage Champagnes can be a blend of thirty or forty different wines.
A non vintage Champagne cannot be sold until it is 15 months old, although most reputable houses will age the wine in their cellars for longer periods. A NonVintage wine will often improve in the bottle after purchase, if it is kept in the right conditions, ideally a cellar, but failing that, in a cool dark place.
Vintage
Vintage Champagne is a blend of wines from a particular year, when the quality of the harvest was sufficient to declare a “Vintage”. Obviously, not every year is a vintage year, but the vintage is left to the individual houses themselves to declare.
Vintage Champagne must be 39 months old before it is sold, i.e. 3 years after the 1st January following the harvest around September.
Rosé
Rosé Champagne can be made in one of two ways: First by maceration of black grapes during pressing, so that the colour leeches out from the skins (the juice from black grapes is white) or by adding a small proportion of the red wine form the Champagne region (often Bouzy Rouge) to give the wine a rose tint. The former method (de saignée) is more expensive and difficult to control, but many would say produces the better Champagne.
Prestige Cuvée
Most Champagne houses produce a special bottle in a vintage year and these are normally deemed to be “Prestige or Deluxe cuvées”.
Prestige cuvées represent the pinnacle of a house’s achievement and can be a vintage or occasionally a blend of vintages.
Why are they so expensive? Well, the grapes will have come from the top-producing vineyards and hand selected. Then they will be very carefully pressed, the resulting wines carefully blended and bottled in a specially shaped bottle.
The Champagne is left to mature for five to seven years, after which the bottles will be riddled by hand prior to disgorgement.
That concludes our look into Champagnes. So, next time we are continuing with our journey and heading south to warmer climes, having a look at more wines to enjoy in our restaurant in Brighton.